Keep horses healthy this winter

Horses grow out their coats in the winter and are well adapted to the cold. However, they need more food to keep up their energy level and body weight.

Monte Stauffer is a livestock Extension educator at the University of Nebraska. He says as the temperatures go down, horses need to be fed more energy. The best source of energy for them is hay.

• READ MORE: Nutrition sampling winter hay

"Alfalfa hay has got a little more energy than the grass hay, but both of them can be good quality. Hay, as it ferments in their digestive system, gives off heat," says Stauffer. "And as it gets colder they should feed them good-quality hay, and the colder it gets, the more hay they should get."

When they’re eating all the hay they can but still shivering or losing weight, then you can start adding grain to increase the energy content. But Stauffer says to do this gradually because it can upset their digestive system if they’re not used to getting grain.

Make sure there’s plenty of fresh water, too. Eating snow doesn’t count.

• READ MORE: Prepping livestock watering systems for winter

"If they drink less water, then that can cause more digestive problems because they’re eating a dry hay and dry feed and grain. And if they don’t get an adequate supply of water, then that can cause impaction colic, where things are just too dry. So you need to give them plenty of water," she says. "The best thing is if you can keep that water between 40-and-60-degrees."  

Horses kept in the barn during the winter should be let out for exercise. This increases their appetite and reduces boredom. A bored horse will start chewing (cribbing), biting, and kicking at its surroundings.

• READ MORE: How to stop horses from cribbing

When they’re in their stall, be sure it’s kept clean and there’s good ventilation so the horse doesn’t develop respiratory problems.

Blanketing horses

There are blankets made to help keep horses warm, but most don’t need them.

Ann Swinker is an Extension horse specialist at Penn State University. She says horses have a natural insulating layer of fat and a thick hair coat to keep them warm. However, there may be times when you’re dependent on a blanket to do what nature does. A sick, very young, or very old horse might benefit from the extra protection. Show horses that have their winter coat clipped for showing would, too.

• READ MORE: Horse health after the show

Swinker says it’s very important to make sure you get the right size so it doesn’t rub the skin raw if it’s too tight, or get caught in the hooves if the blanket is too loose. Measure the horse from the point of the shoulders to the point of the rump.

"One size isn’t always the same, so ask if you can open it up and re-measure the blanket," says Swinker. "If you have, let’s say, a Saddlebred or an Arabian with a level croup, you don’t want to get one that’s made for a Quarter Horse with a sloping rump because it’ll be rubbing it back there, so you want to try to pick brands that are made for that type of horse."

If the horse will be turned out in wet weather and it’s in mud all the time, make sure the blanket is waterproof.

"The bad thing is, if that blanket gets wet and it’s sitting on the horse wet, now the hair underneath is wet so the insulation of their hair is gone, the blanket’s chilled and it’s laying on them there’s no insulation left," she says. "You don’t want to do that, that’s really unhealthy for the horse."